{"id":515,"date":"2024-11-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thinkers.int.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=515"},"modified":"2025-09-16T07:08:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T04:08:19","slug":"%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%b1%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%bd-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=515","title":{"rendered":"\u0414\u0443\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438.<br \/>\n\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u043f\u0431\u0443, 1911 \u0433.).<br \/>\n\u0421 1911 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2013 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u041f\u0431\u0423. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438.<br \/>\n\u0421 1917 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438: \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u042d\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430.<br \/>\n\u0421 1928 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430.<br \/>\n\u0421 1933 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430.<br \/>\n\u0412 1936 \u2013 1956 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430.<br \/>\n\u041f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430.<br \/>\n\u041c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0438 (1915).<br \/>\n\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a (1935).<br \/>\n\u0416\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n<div class=\"rcl-custom-fields\"><div class=\"rcl-field type-number-value\" id=\"v11502639e85d17fb7298a4181bce7fc2\"><span class=\"rcl-field-title\">\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><span class=\"title-colon\">: <\/span><span class=\"rcl-field-value\">1888<\/span><\/div><div class=\"rcl-field type-number-value\" id=\"v4bf21469a7f1aae7c2d52bd2512604d3\"><span class=\"rcl-field-title\">\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438<\/span><span class=\"title-colon\">: <\/span><span class=\"rcl-field-value\">1956<\/span><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[18,16,40,31,35],"class_list":["post-515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mem_persons","tag-xx-","tag-16","tag-40","tag-31","tag-35"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=515"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1026,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/515\/revisions\/1026"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}