{"id":397,"date":"2024-11-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thinkers.int.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=397"},"modified":"2025-09-05T12:30:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T09:30:48","slug":"%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%b4%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80-%d0%b4%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=397","title":{"rendered":"\u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1004 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435\u04402-226x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"397\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435\u04402-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435\u04402.jpg 402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0414.\u0410. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u0414\u043e 1877 \u0433. \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 1-\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0432 1878 \u0433. 3-\u044e 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\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 (1893-1898). \u041e\u043d \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u0432 1884-1897 \u0433\u0433. \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0431\u044b\u043b 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(\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442), \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432-\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432; \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a[\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439]-\u0434[\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442]. \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1907 \u0433. \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0445, \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u201e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u201c\u2026\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"content--common-block__block-3U\" data-article-block=\"true\" data-testid=\"article-render__block\" data-points=\"7\">\u0421 1917 \u043f\u043e 1918 \u0433. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0412 1918 \u0433. \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0414.\u0410. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441 11 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0434\u043e 13 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f.<\/p>\n<p data-article-block=\"true\" data-testid=\"article-render__block\" data-points=\"7\">\u0414.\u0410. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f 15 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 1922 \u0433. \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<div class=\"rcl-custom-fields\"><div class=\"rcl-field type-number-value\" id=\"v11502639e85d17fb7298a4181bce7fc2\"><span class=\"rcl-field-title\">\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><span class=\"title-colon\">: <\/span><span class=\"rcl-field-value\">1860<\/span><\/div><div class=\"rcl-field type-number-value\" id=\"v4bf21469a7f1aae7c2d52bd2512604d3\"><span class=\"rcl-field-title\">\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438<\/span><span class=\"title-colon\">: <\/span><span class=\"rcl-field-value\">1922<\/span><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410.\u0413. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1005,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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