{"id":21,"date":"2024-03-05T11:45:37","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T08:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thinkers.int.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?page_id=21"},"modified":"2026-02-16T09:52:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T06:52:07","slug":"%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?page_id=21","title":{"rendered":"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b <strong>\u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441 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value=\"0\">\r\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"filters_initial\" style=\"display:none;\" value=\"1\">\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner hiddend\">\r\n\t\t<input type='hidden' name='qtranslate_lang' id='qtranslate_lang1'\r\n\t\t\t   value='0'\/>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t<fieldset class=\"asl_sett_scroll\">\r\n\t\t<legend style=\"display: none;\">Generic selectors<\/legend>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"asl_option hiddend\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"exact\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"Exact matches only\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t   name=\"asl_gen[]\" \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_checkbox\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\tExact matches only\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"asl_option hiddend\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"title\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"Search in title\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t   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class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"7\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   name=\"categoryset[]\" checked=\"checked\"\/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_checkbox\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"56\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   name=\"categoryset[]\" checked=\"checked\"\/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_checkbox\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"25\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u044b\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   name=\"categoryset[]\" checked=\"checked\"\/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_checkbox\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u044b\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"3\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442  \u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0430\u0440\u044b  \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   name=\"categoryset[]\" checked=\"checked\"\/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_checkbox\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"54\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   aria-label=\"\u0422\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   name=\"categoryset[]\" checked=\"checked\"\/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_checkbox\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"asl_option_label\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0422\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/fieldset>\r\n\t\t<\/form>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<!--\n[includeme file=\"ajax_search_lite!filt.php\" category=\"7\"]\n-->\n<script>\n       if (document.getElementsByName('categoryset[]')) {\n           var category_inp_arr   = document.getElementsByName('categoryset[]');\n           var category_vals_arr  = ['7'];\n           var category_vals_off  = null;\n\n           for (var i = 0; i < category_inp_arr.length; i++) {\n                var category_i_value = category_inp_arr[i].value;\n\n                if (category_vals_arr) {        \/* Include given categories *\/\n                    if (category_vals_arr.indexOf(category_i_value) >= 0) {\n                        category_inp_arr[i].checked = true; \/* Value in arr *\/\n                    } else {\n                        category_inp_arr[i].checked = false;\n                    }\n\n                } else if (category_vals_off) { \/* Exclude given categories *\/\n                    if (category_vals_off.indexOf(category_i_value) >= 0) {\n                        category_inp_arr[i].checked = false;\n                    } else {\n                        category_inp_arr[i].checked = true;\n                    }\n                }\n\n            }\n                                       \/* Let's try to hide categories list *\/\n\n            if (category_vals_arr || category_vals_off) {\n                if (document.getElementsByClassName('prosettings').length > 0) {\n                    var category_icon_class_0 = document.getElementsByClassName('prosettings')[0];\n                    category_icon_class_0.parentNode.removeChild(category_icon_class_0);\n                }\n            }\n\n       }\n<\/script>\n<br><br>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-wrapper\"><div class=\"pt-cv-view pt-cv-grid pt-cv-colsys\" id=\"pt-cv-view-bea21ee16q\"><div data-id=\"pt-cv-page-1\" class=\"pt-cv-page\" data-cvc=\"2\"><div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2563\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/aajwi4kjq9z1bnzezzqtodclkauaoyazpacjobl3db4obuewjsajcfrt4udbney7quwivrlgjkzu3en7aelydciq-150x150.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/aajwi4kjq9z1bnzezzqtodclkauaoyazpacjobl3db4obuewjsajcfrt4udbney7quwivrlgjkzu3en7aelydciq-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/aajwi4kjq9z1bnzezzqtodclkauaoyazpacjobl3db4obuewjsajcfrt4udbney7quwivrlgjkzu3en7aelydciq-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/aajwi4kjq9z1bnzezzqtodclkauaoyazpacjobl3db4obuewjsajcfrt4udbney7quwivrlgjkzu3en7aelydciq-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/aajwi4kjq9z1bnzezzqtodclkauaoyazpacjobl3db4obuewjsajcfrt4udbney7quwivrlgjkzu3en7aelydciq.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2563\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u00ab\u041d\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e \u2013 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 1901 ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2563\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=58\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/veneciya.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=58\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u0412 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0432 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044c\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=58\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=90\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"143\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/23f3f3f3f.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=90\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u0413\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 XIX \u0432., \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0435 ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=90\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2559\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1ydnntmm1hrjodfh3yitcx7a8wv1l1s3qfqpc-mw6s323dlauwwq8ua2cog10rk6im0znxiayxw0mnh-liw1zpjc-150x150.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1ydnntmm1hrjodfh3yitcx7a8wv1l1s3qfqpc-mw6s323dlauwwq8ua2cog10rk6im0znxiayxw0mnh-liw1zpjc-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1ydnntmm1hrjodfh3yitcx7a8wv1l1s3qfqpc-mw6s323dlauwwq8ua2cog10rk6im0znxiayxw0mnh-liw1zpjc-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1ydnntmm1hrjodfh3yitcx7a8wv1l1s3qfqpc-mw6s323dlauwwq8ua2cog10rk6im0znxiayxw0mnh-liw1zpjc-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1ydnntmm1hrjodfh3yitcx7a8wv1l1s3qfqpc-mw6s323dlauwwq8ua2cog10rk6im0znxiayxw0mnh-liw1zpjc.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2559\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u201c\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u201d \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u0412 1939 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439. \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2559\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=114\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pechatniki.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=114\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041a\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u041d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e-\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0430\u043d\u044f \u21161, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c. \u0414\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u0436 \u0431\u044b\u043b ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=114\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2586\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/dsc03828-150x150.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2586\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 1920-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445, ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2586\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=84\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/555.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=84\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u041e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432 XIX \u0432. \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=84\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2590\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/people_of_the_russian_empire_001-150x150.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2590\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u0412 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430 ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=2590\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=121\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"126\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/krokodil.png\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=121\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u041f\u0410 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u0432 1920-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u0435 ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=121\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col\" ><div class='pt-cv-ifield'><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=77\" class=\"_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-left\" target=\"_self\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/8989.jpg\" class=\"pt-cv-thumbnail pull-left\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<h6 class=\"pt-cv-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=77\" class=\"_self\" target=\"_self\" >\u041d\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0435\u0433 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"pt-cv-content\">\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a ...<br \/><div class=\"pt-cv-rmwrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/?p=77\" class=\"_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success\" target=\"_self\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 ...<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\" pt-cv-pagination-wrapper\"><ul class=\"pt-cv-pagination pt-cv-normal pagination\" data-totalpages=\"2\" data-currentpage=\"1\" data-sid=\"bea21ee16q\" data-unid=\"\" data-isblock=\"\" data-postid=\"\"><li class=\"active\"><a href=\"#\">1<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li ><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php\/?_page=2&#038;rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F21\">2<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li ><a class=\" \" href=\"https:\/\/thinkers.kpfu.ru\/memorica\/index.php\/?_page=2&#038;rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F21\">&rsaquo;<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" class=\"pt-cv-spinner\" alt=\"\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430...\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhDwAPALMPAMrKygwMDJOTkz09PZWVla+vr3p6euTk5M7OzuXl5TMzMwAAAJmZmWZmZszMzP\/\/\/yH\/C05FVFNDQVBFMi4wAwEAAAAh+QQFCgAPACwAAAAADwAPAAAEQvDJaZaZOIcV8iQK8VRX4iTYoAwZ4iCYoAjZ4RxejhVNoT+mRGP4cyF4Pp0N98sBGIBMEMOotl6YZ3S61Bmbkm4mAgAh+QQFCgAPACwAAAAADQANAAAENPDJSRSZeA418itN8QiK8BiLITVsFiyBBIoYqnoewAD4xPw9iY4XLGYSjkQR4UAUD45DLwIAIfkEBQoADwAsAAAAAA8ACQAABC\/wyVlamTi3nSdgwFNdhEJgTJoNyoB9ISYoQmdjiZPcj7EYCAeCF1gEDo4Dz2eIAAAh+QQFCgAPACwCAAAADQANAAAEM\/DJBxiYeLKdX3IJZT1FU0iIg2RNKx3OkZVnZ98ToRD4MyiDnkAh6BkNC0MvsAj0kMpHBAAh+QQFCgAPACwGAAAACQAPAAAEMDC59KpFDll73HkAA2wVY5KgiK5b0RRoI6MuzG6EQqCDMlSGheEhUAgqgUUAFRySIgAh+QQFCgAPACwCAAIADQANAAAEM\/DJKZNLND\/kkKaHc3xk+QAMYDKsiaqmZCxGVjSFFCxB1vwy2oOgIDxuucxAMTAJFAJNBAAh+QQFCgAPACwAAAYADwAJAAAEMNAs86q1yaWwwv2Ig0jUZx3OYa4XoRAfwADXoAwfo1+CIjyFRuEho60aSNYlOPxEAAAh+QQFCgAPACwAAAIADQANAAAENPA9s4y8+IUVcqaWJ4qEQozSoAzoIyhCK2NFU2SJk0hNnyEOhKR2AzAAj4Pj4GE4W0bkJQIAOw==\" \/><div class=\"clear 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\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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